In the late 1970s, Jobs – along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others – designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.
On October 5, 2011, around 3:00 p.m., Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56, six weeks after resigning as CEO of Apple. A copy of his death certificate indicated respiratory arrest as the immediate cause of death, with "metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor" as the underlying cause. His occupation was listed as "entrepreneur" in the "high tech" business.
Jobs was born in San Francisco to graduate students Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian from the city of Homs, and Joanne Carole Schieble (now Simpson, due to a later marriage), an American, who met at the University of Wisconsin. Jobs was immediately placed for adoption after Schieble's father opposed their marriage. Jandali later became a professor of political science while Schieble became a speech language pathologist. Jandali is currently vice president of Boomtown Casino and Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Schieble and Jandali married in December 1955 four months after her father died and ten months after giving up their baby boy. Their daughter, Jobs's biological sister, novelist Mona Simpson was born in 1957. Schieble and Jandali divorced in 1962. The siblings first met in 1984, and kept their relationship a secret until 1986. They enjoyed a close adult relationship, with Jobs regularly visiting Simpson in Manhattan. From Simpson, Jobs learned more about their birth parents and he invited his biological mother Joanne to some events. Jandali's attempts, late in his life, to contact Jobs were unsuccessful; Interviewed in August 2011 when Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, Jandali said, "Sadly, [Joanne's] father was a tyrant and forbade her to marry me as I was from Syria. So she told me she wanted to give the baby up [...] I honestly do not know to this day if Steve is aware that, had it been my choice, I would have loved to have kept him [...] I just wish I hadn't been the selfish man I must have been, to allow both my children to turn their backs on me and pray it is not too late to tell Steve how I feel." Simpson lives in a nursing home in Los Angeles. Jobs apparently did not try to meet his father even after his public request for a reunion.
Jobs was adopted by the family of Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian) who moved to Mountain View, California when he was five years old. Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul Jobs, a machinist for a company that made lasers, taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. His adoptive mother was an accountant. Asked in a 1995 interview what he wanted to pass on to his children, Jobs replied, "Just to try to be as good a father to them as my father was to me. I think about that every day of my life." When asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents."
Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee. Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester, he continued auditing classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts."
In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc., a manufacturer of video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.[citation needed]
Jobs then traveled to India to visit Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, an early Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a Buddhist with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life". He later said that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking. Jobs returned to Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350. Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975. He greatly admired Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and explicitly modeled his career after him.
On October 5, 2011, around 3:00 p.m., Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56, six weeks after resigning as CEO of Apple. A copy of his death certificate indicated respiratory arrest as the immediate cause of death, with "metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor" as the underlying cause. His occupation was listed as "entrepreneur" in the "high tech" business.
Jobs was born in San Francisco to graduate students Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian from the city of Homs, and Joanne Carole Schieble (now Simpson, due to a later marriage), an American, who met at the University of Wisconsin. Jobs was immediately placed for adoption after Schieble's father opposed their marriage. Jandali later became a professor of political science while Schieble became a speech language pathologist. Jandali is currently vice president of Boomtown Casino and Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Schieble and Jandali married in December 1955 four months after her father died and ten months after giving up their baby boy. Their daughter, Jobs's biological sister, novelist Mona Simpson was born in 1957. Schieble and Jandali divorced in 1962. The siblings first met in 1984, and kept their relationship a secret until 1986. They enjoyed a close adult relationship, with Jobs regularly visiting Simpson in Manhattan. From Simpson, Jobs learned more about their birth parents and he invited his biological mother Joanne to some events. Jandali's attempts, late in his life, to contact Jobs were unsuccessful; Interviewed in August 2011 when Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, Jandali said, "Sadly, [Joanne's] father was a tyrant and forbade her to marry me as I was from Syria. So she told me she wanted to give the baby up [...] I honestly do not know to this day if Steve is aware that, had it been my choice, I would have loved to have kept him [...] I just wish I hadn't been the selfish man I must have been, to allow both my children to turn their backs on me and pray it is not too late to tell Steve how I feel." Simpson lives in a nursing home in Los Angeles. Jobs apparently did not try to meet his father even after his public request for a reunion.
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In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc., a manufacturer of video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.[citation needed]
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