The ways in which such a system is implemented are dependent on the country, but in most cases, a citizen is issued a number at birth or when they reach a legal age (typically the age of 18). Non-citizens are issued such numbers when they enter the country.
Many countries issued such numbers ostensibly for a singular purpose, but over time, they become a de facto national identification number. For example, the United States originally developed its Social Security Number system as a means of disbursing Social Security benefits. However, due to functionality creep, the number has become utilized for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one to, among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, or drive a car.
In Albania, the Identity Number (Albanian: Numri i Identitetit (NID)) is issued by the Central Civic Registry Service (Ministry of Interior). The coding structure and algorithm is regulated by a decision of the Council of Ministers of Albania (No.827, Dated 11.12.2003). From 2004 to 2007, the Identity Number was referred to as the Citizen Identity Number (Albanian: Numri i Identitetit të Shtetasit (NISH)). As of 2007 with the introduction the new legislation regarding the new biometric ID Cards and biometric passports, it is simply referred to as the Identity Number. The Albanian national identification number appears in the Albanian national ID Cards and biometric passports under the 'personal no.' section.
The Albanian Identity Number is a unique personal identification number of 10-characters in the format YYMMDDSSSC, where YYMMDD is the date of birth and sex (for males MM is between 1 and 12, for females MM is between 51 and 62), SSS is a sequence number between 001 ne 999 of persons born on the same date and C is checksum character. The YY part of the date of birth is calculated from the following encoding/decoding table:
In Argentina the only nationally issued identification is the DNI, Documento Nacional de Identidad (National Identity Document). It is a number not related to anything in particular about the person (except for immigrants who get assigned numbers starting at 90,000,000). It is assigned at birth by the Registro Nacional de las Personas (National Registry for People), but parents need to sign up their children, and because of this there are many people, especially the poor, who don't have a DNI.
This ID is required for most things, for example applying for credit, opening a bank account, and even for voting. Law requires a person to show his DNI when using a credit card. Prior to the DNI the LC (Libreta Cívica, for women), and LE (Libreta de Enrolamiento, for men) were used. This was later unified in the DNI.
For taxpaying purposes, the CUIT and CUIL (Código Único de Identificación Tributaria, Unique Code for Taxpaying Identification and Código Único de Identificación Laboral, Unique Code for Laboral Identification). An example of the ID is 20-10563145-8. It's based on the DNI and appends 2 numbers at the beginning and one at the end. For example, 20 and 23 for men, 27 for women, and one control digit at the end. Employees have a CUIL (assigned at the moment the DNI is created), and employers have a CUIT. The first two digits to identify the CUIT for companies are for instance: 30 or 33. If a person decides to open a company of its own, his CUIL usually becomes his CUIT. The CUIT was needed because a different identification is required for companies, who cannot be identified by a DNI number.
In Australia there is no universal identifying number for individuals. The closest to universal at present are: The Australia Card proposal would have created a universal number for Australian citizens and permanent residents. That proposal was abandoned in 1987. A 2005 proposal for an Access Card to health and welfare benefits was abandoned in 2007 due to privacy concerns relating to identity theft and disclosure of information. The Medicare and Tax File Number identifiers are protected by strict privacy laws. The Austrian Social Security Number (SSN) is a well-established identifier, and would identify in theory every Austrian citizen. Its format is a 3-digit serial number, a checksum digit and the birth date in an DDMMYY-notation. Because it contains the birth date, it is considered a privacy-sensitive number. For that reason, its use is restricted by law to certain areas of health care, social security, taxes, education and other administrative areas. That makes it unusable as a general person identifier, but pervasive enough to make it a threat to data privacy.
Many countries issued such numbers ostensibly for a singular purpose, but over time, they become a de facto national identification number. For example, the United States originally developed its Social Security Number system as a means of disbursing Social Security benefits. However, due to functionality creep, the number has become utilized for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one to, among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, or drive a car.
In Albania, the Identity Number (Albanian: Numri i Identitetit (NID)) is issued by the Central Civic Registry Service (Ministry of Interior). The coding structure and algorithm is regulated by a decision of the Council of Ministers of Albania (No.827, Dated 11.12.2003). From 2004 to 2007, the Identity Number was referred to as the Citizen Identity Number (Albanian: Numri i Identitetit të Shtetasit (NISH)). As of 2007 with the introduction the new legislation regarding the new biometric ID Cards and biometric passports, it is simply referred to as the Identity Number. The Albanian national identification number appears in the Albanian national ID Cards and biometric passports under the 'personal no.' section.
The Albanian Identity Number is a unique personal identification number of 10-characters in the format YYMMDDSSSC, where YYMMDD is the date of birth and sex (for males MM is between 1 and 12, for females MM is between 51 and 62), SSS is a sequence number between 001 ne 999 of persons born on the same date and C is checksum character. The YY part of the date of birth is calculated from the following encoding/decoding table:
 National Insurance |  a Social Security Number |  National Insurance numbers |  National Insurance Card |  National Insurance number |
 the social security number |  a Social Insurance Number |  Insurance Number in the UK |  national insurance number |  National Insurance Number? |
For taxpaying purposes, the CUIT and CUIL (Código Único de Identificación Tributaria, Unique Code for Taxpaying Identification and Código Único de Identificación Laboral, Unique Code for Laboral Identification). An example of the ID is 20-10563145-8. It's based on the DNI and appends 2 numbers at the beginning and one at the end. For example, 20 and 23 for men, 27 for women, and one control digit at the end. Employees have a CUIL (assigned at the moment the DNI is created), and employers have a CUIT. The first two digits to identify the CUIT for companies are for instance: 30 or 33. If a person decides to open a company of its own, his CUIL usually becomes his CUIT. The CUIT was needed because a different identification is required for companies, who cannot be identified by a DNI number.
 National Insurance Number, |  National Insurance Card | .jpg) social security number to |  2011-09-14-ssn.jpg |  National Insurance Number |
 National Insurance Number |  Getting a National Insurance |  Both the SSN and NIN are |  Both the SSN and NIN are |  a National Insurance |
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